Phenylalanine-ammonialyase, PAL is transiently induced upon irradiation of UVB 310nm (Takeda and Abe, 1992). In biosynthesis of anthocyanin from phenylpropanod metabolism, a fower pigment, charconsynthase (CHS) is the key enzyme, while in initiation of the phenylpropanide metabolism upon the first signal transduction, the phenylalanine-ammonialyase (PAL) is the key enzyme (Takeda, Abe, Hirose, and Ozeki, 1993).
The following base-sequence is for cDNA of mRNA coded for PAL(Hirose 1992) from a cultured carrot cells in suspension.
> ETKPAL (Universal genetic code) 60 GAATTCCGGATCCAACTTCCCCATACACAAAACACATCAAAATTTTAAAATCATATCAAA 120 CACTTAGCTAAAAATGGATTGTGAGAACAAGAATGTTGTGCTAGGAAACGGGCTGTGCAT M D C E N K N V V L G N G L C M 180 GCAGAAAGATCCGTTGAACTGGGGAATGGCTGCGGAGGCCAAGACAGGAAGCCATTTGGA Q K D P L N W G M A A E A K T G S H L D 240 TGAAGTCAAGAGGATGGTGGCTGAGTTTAGGAAGCCTATGGTGCAGCTTGGCGGGGAGAC E V K R M V A E F R K P M V Q L G G E T 300 ACTCACCGTCTCTCAGGTGGCTGCTATTGCTGCAGGGAGTGTCAAGGTTGAGTTAGCCGA L T V S Q V A A I A A G S V K V E L A E 360 GTCCGCGAGGGCTGGTGTCAAGGCTAGTAGTGATTGGGTGATGGAGAGCATGAACAAGGG S A R A G V K A S S D W V M E S M N K G 420 AACTGATAGTTATGGTGTTACTACTGGTTTTGGTGCTACTTCTCATAGGAGGACAAAACA T D S Y G V T T G F G A T S H R R T K Q 480 AGGTGGTGCTCTGCAGAAGGAACTTATTAGATTTTTGAACGCTGGAATCTTTGGAAGTGG G G A L Q K E L I R F L N A G I F G S G 540 AAATGATTCTTCGAACATATTACCACATTCAGCAACAAGAGCAGCAATGCTAGTGAGGAT N D S S N I L P H S A T R A A M L V R I 600 CAACACACTCCTCCAAGGTTACTCTGGCATTCGATTTGAAATTCTTGAGGCCATCACCAA N T L L Q G Y S G I R F E I L E A I T K 660 GTTCCTCAACCAAAACATTACCCCTTGCTTGCCACTCCGTGGAACGATCACTGCTTCTGG F L N Q N I T P C L P L R G T I T A S G 720 TGATCTTGTCCCTTTATCCTACATTGCTGGACTTCTAACTGGCCGTCCTAATTCCAAGGC D L V P L S Y I A G L L T G R P N S K A 780 GGTTGGACCCACTGGAGAGAATCTGACTGCTGCAGAAGCATTTAAACTTGCTGGAGTTGA V G P T G E N L T A A E A F K L A G V D 840 TGGTGGATTCTTTGAGCTGCAGCCAAAAGAAGGCCTTGCACTAGTCAATGGCACAGCTGT G G F F E L Q P K E G L A L V N G T A V 900 CGGTTCTGGAATGGCTTCAATGGTACTGTTTGAGACCAATATACTTGCTGTGTTGGCTGA G S G M A S M V L F E T N I L A V L A E 960 AGTTATGTCAGCTATCTTTGCTGAAGTGATGCAGGGCAAACCCGAATTTACTGACCATTT V M S A I F A E V M Q G K P E F T D H L 1020 GACACACAAGTTGAAGCATCATCCTGGACAAATTGAAGCTGCAGCTATAATGGAACACAT T H K L K H H P G Q I E A A A I M E H I 1080 CTTGGATGGAAGCTCTTATGTCAAGGCTGCTGAGAAGCAACACGAAATGGATCCATTGCA L D G S S Y V K A A E K Q H E M D P L Q 1140 AAAACCAAAGCAAGATAGATATGCTCTTAGGACATCTCCACAATGGCTTGGACCACAGAT K P K Q D R Y A L R T S P Q W L G P Q I 1200 TGAAGTGATTCGATCATCAACAAAAATGATAGAAAGGGAGATCAATTCTGTCAATGATAA E V I R S S T K M I E R E I N S V N D N 1260 CCCTTTGATTGATGTGTCAAGGAACAAGGCCATCCATGGTGGTAACTTCCAGGGTACGCC P L I D V S R N K A I H G G N F Q G T P 1320 TATTGGAGTTTCTATGGACAATACAAGGTTGGCTATTGCAGCAATTGGAAAGCTCATGTT I G V S M D N T R L A I A A I G K L M F 1380 TGCCCAATTTTCGGAGCTTGTGAATGACTTTTATAACAATGGGCTGCCATCTAATCTCTC A Q F S E L V N D F Y N N G L P S N L S 1440 TGGAGGGCGTAATCCAAGTTTGGATTATGGTTTCAAGGGTGCTGAAATTGCTATGGCTTC G G R N P S L D Y G F K G A E I A M A S 1500 TTACTGCTCTGAGCAACAATTTTTGGGCAATCCAGTTACCAACCATGTTCAAAGCGCTGA Y C S E Q Q F L G N P V T N H V Q S A E 1560 GCAACACAATCAAGATGTGAACTCACTAGGTTTGATCTCCTCAAGGAAAACAGCAGAAGC Q H N Q D V N S L G L I S S R K T A E A 1620 TGTTGAAATCTTGAAGCTCATGTCTACCACATTTTTGGTAGGCCTCTGCCAAGCTGTAGA V E I L K L M S T T F L V G L C Q A V D 1680 CCTGAGGCACTTGGAGGAGAACTTGAAGAGCACTGTCAAGAACACTGTAAGTCAAGTAGC L R H L E E N L K S T V K N T V S Q V A 1740 CAAGAAAGTTCTAACTATGGGTGTCAATGGTGAGCTTCATCCTTCAAGATTCTGTGAGTT K K V L T M G V N G E L H P S R F C E L 1800 GGATTTGCTTAGAGTTGTTGACAGGGAGTACATTTTCGCATACATTGACGACCCCTGCAG D L L R V V D R E Y I F A Y I D D P C S 1860 TGCAACCTACCCACTGATGCAAAAGCTAAGACAGGTACTAGTTGAACATGCATTGAAAAA A T Y P L M Q K L R Q V L V E H A L K N 1920 TGGCGAAACTGAGAAGAACTTGAGCACCTCAATCTTCCAAAAGATTGCAGCTTTTGAAGA G E T E K N L S T S I F Q K I A A F E D 1980 TGAATTGAAGGCCCTTTTACCCAAGGAGGTTGAAAGTGCAAGGGCTGTGGTAGAGAGTGG E L K A L L P K E V E S A R A V V E S G 2040 AAATCCTGCTATTCCAAACAGGATCAAAGAATGCAGGTCTTATCCACTGTACAAGTTTAT N P A I P N R I K E C R S Y P L Y K F I 2100 CAGGGAAGAGCTGGGAACAGTTTATTTAACTGGCGAGAAAGTGACATCGCCTGGAGAAGA R E E L G T V Y L T G E K V T S P G E E 2160 GTTTGACAAGGTGTTCACCGCAATGTCCAAAGGAGAGATCATTGATCCATTGTTGGCGTG F D K V F T A M S K G E I I D P L L A C 2220 TCTTGAGAGCTGGAATGGTGCTCCTCTTCCAATTGCTTAGTTAAGATATGATGTGATTCT L E S W N G A P L P I A . 2280 AACTTATGTTATTTCAAGTATTGGTGTTTTTTAGTTGTTTAAAAATTGTGAATGCTGCCT 2340 GTAAGAATCAATGCAATGAAGTGTTGCTTTTGTGAAATGGAAATATATCATAGTTTTGTT 2349 TGCATPLYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA----polyA //